Writing ‘Anniversary’ in Historical Perspective: A Way to Find Identity

Spermatozoa: A Historical Perspective

The 100,000th scientific article on the subject of spermatozoa was recently published. Many studies have evaluated the characteristics of this important cell leading to great discoveries. Since its first observation and description in 1677, many important characteristics have been described regarding this highly fascinating gamete. In this review, our objective has been to provide a historical ...

Contribution of Women Scientists to Pharmacology: A Historical Perspective

The article highlights the contributions of a few prominent women scientists to the science of pharmacology. These women,some of whom were from other scientific fields, contributed significantly to our understanding of pharmacology. This was achieved in an era in which pharmacology was a more or less male dominated field. Even though it is easier for women to enter scientific fields nowadays, t...

Effects-Based Operations: A historical perspective for a Way Ahead

Since the Gulf War, there has been a technology-driven rapid enhancement of military capabilities across a spectrum of disciplines. At the same time, the concept of Effects Based Operations (EBO) has been evolving and gaining acceptance as a better way of thinking about military planning, execution, and assessment. In this paper, we review what the research and development community has done to...

A Smarter Way to Find pitch

The ’Tartini’ project at the University of Otago aims to use the computer as a practical tool for singers and instrumentalists. Sound played into the system is analysed fast enough to create useful feedback for teaching or, at a higher level, for practising musicians to refine their technique. Central to this analysis is the accurate determination of musical pitch. We describe a fast, accurate ...

Regional Identity Formation in Central Asia from Historical Perspective